Which of the following is a direct-kick foul that does not require carelessness, recklessness, or excessive force?

Spitting at an opponent is categorized as a direct-kick foul that does not require any degree of carelessness, recklessness, or excessive force because it is considered a violent conduct offense. This type of action is viewed as inherently unsportsmanlike and is serious enough to warrant an immediate sanction, regardless of the intent or manner in which it was carried out.

In contrast, the other fouls listed—tripping, pushing, and holding an opponent—often involve some level of physical engagement or contact that can vary in intensity. These actions require a referee to determine if there was an element of carelessness or excessive force involved, which impacts the nature of the foul and the appropriate response. In the case of spitting, however, the action itself is unequivocally offensive and warrants a direct free kick, demonstrating a breach of conduct that transcends the nuances of intent or physicality typically associated with other types of fouls.