Which of the following is an offense punishable by a caution?

A caution, indicated by a yellow card, is issued for various offenses that disrupt the flow of the game or show a lack of sportsmanship. In this case, both failing to respect the required distance at a free kick and deliberately leaving the field without permission are offenses that warrant a caution.

Failing to respect the required distance during a free kick affects the attacking team's ability to take the kick quickly and can significantly disrupt the pace of the game. This is why players must maintain the necessary distance—typically 9.15 meters (10 yards) in accordance with the Laws of the Game.

Deliberately leaving the field without permission is another critical offense. Players are expected to remain on the field unless they are substituted or have received permission from the referee to leave. This action can disrupt the game or prevent the referee from making accurate judgments about the players on the field.

Therefore, recognizing that both of these actions are deemed inappropriate and disruptive, they are appropriately categorized together as offenses punishable by caution.